BasqueBasqueConsonants
| plosives | ||||
Symbol |
Word |
Transcription |
||
p |
apeza |
apeXa |
unvoiced bilabial plosive |
|
b |
begia |
beGia |
voiced bilabial plosive |
|
t |
etorri |
etorri |
unvoiced dentar plosive |
|
c |
ttantta |
canca |
unvoiced palatal plosive |
|
d |
denda |
denda |
voiced dental plosive |
|
k |
ekarri |
ekarri |
unvoiced velar plosive |
|
g |
gaia |
gaia |
voiced velar plosive |
|
| affricates | |
|
|
|
tS |
txikia |
tSikia |
unvoiced front pre-palatal affricate |
|
ts |
atso |
atso |
unvoiced alveolar affricate |
|
ts` |
atzo |
ats`o |
unvoiced back alveolar affricate |
|
gj |
onddo |
ongjo |
voiced palatal affricate |
|
| fricatives | |
|
|
|
jj |
leoia |
leojja |
voiced palatal fricative |
|
f |
afaria |
afaria |
unvoiced labiodental fricative |
|
B |
hamabi |
amaBi (= /b/) |
voiced bilabial approximant |
|
T |
perez |
pereT |
unvoiced interdental fricative |
|
D |
adiskide |
aDiskiDe (= /d/) |
voiced dental approximant |
|
s |
hasi |
asi |
unvoiced alveolar fricative |
|
s` |
zoroa |
s`oroa |
unvoiced back alveolar fricative |
|
S |
xoxoa |
SoSoa |
unvoiced prepalatal fricative |
|
x |
ijito |
ixito |
unvoiced velar fricative |
|
G |
agindu |
aGindu (= /g/) |
voiced velar fricative approximant |
|
| nasals | |
|
|
|
m |
ama |
ama |
voiced bilabial nasal |
|
n |
neska |
neska |
voiced alveolar nasal |
|
J |
ñabar |
JaBarr |
voiced palatal nasal |
|
| liquids | |
|
|
|
l |
lana |
lana |
voiced alveolar lateral |
|
L |
iluna |
iLuna |
voiced palatal lateral |
|
r |
dirua |
dirua |
voiced alveolar vibrate_single |
|
rr |
arrunta |
arrunta |
voiced alveolar vibrate_multiple |
|
| semivowels | |
|
|
|
j |
aita |
ajta |
semivowel front_palatal close |
|
w |
euskera |
ewskera |
semivowel back_velar close |
|
| Vowels: | |
|
|
|
i |
ipar |
iparr |
vowel front close unrounded |
|
e |
hemen |
emen |
vowel front mid unrounded |
|
a |
ama |
ama |
vowel central open unrounded |
|
o |
oso |
oso |
vowel back mide rounded |
|
u |
umore |
umore |
vowel back close rounded |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| In addition there are important allophonic and dialectal variants : |
||||
| Vowels | |
|
|
|
y |
büria |
Byria |
vowel back 1 |
|
| fricative | |
|
|
|
Z |
bazkaria |
bas`kariZa |
voiced pre-palatal ficative 2 |
|
h |
hau |
hau |
unvoiced glotal fricative 1 |
|
| aspirated plosives | |
|
|
|
ph |
apheza |
apheXa |
unvoiced labial aspirated 1 |
|
kh |
ekharri |
ekharri |
unvoiced dental aspirated 1 |
|
th |
ethorri |
ethorri |
unvoiced velar aspirated 1 |
|
| |
|
|
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|
1- Northern dialects
2- Biscaian dialect