The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2005)

IPA Chart Keyboard

This IPA chart is composed of Unicode characters and is written in valid XHTML/CSS; it is open source software released under the GPL. To easily copy/enter/input/insert/type the IPA characters/symbols/letters/glyphs and diacritics, found in this chart, use the IPA Unicode “Keyboard”, which is built off of this document.

Fifth anniversary! Learn more…

This year marks the fifth anniversary of this IPA chart. This page now gets more than 26,000 page views per month, and it is now ranked #1 and #2 in Google for "International Phonetic Alphabet chart" and "IPA chart", respectively. To celebrate 5 years, I'd love to get your feedback. What about this tool do you like, and what would you like to see changed? I'd like to make this tool more useful for the community. You may also purchase an IPA Chart t-shirt or donate if you would like to give back. Thanks!

Consonants (Pulmonic)

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p b			t d		ʈ ɖ	c ɟ	k ɡ	q ɢ		ʔ
Nasal	m	ɱ		n		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ	ɴ
Trill	ʙ			r					ʀ
Tap or Flap		ⱱ		ɾ		ɽ
Fricative	ɸ β	f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ʂ ʐ	ç ʝ	x ɣ	χ ʁ	ħ ʕ	h ɦ
Lateral fricative				ɬ ɮ
Approximant		ʋ		ɹ		ɻ	j	ɰ
Lateral approximant				l		ɭ	ʎ	ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks		Voiced implosives		Ejectives
ʘ	Bilabial	ɓ	Bilabial	ʼ	Examples:
ǀ	Dental	ɗ	Dental/alveolar	pʼ	Bilabal
ǃ	(Post)alveolar	ʄ	Palatal	tʼ	Dental/alveolar
ǂ	Palatoalveolar	ɠ	Velar	kʼ	Velar
ǁ	Alveolar lateral	ʛ	Uvular	sʼ	Alveolar fricative

Vowels

Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u

ɪ ʏ ʊ

e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o

ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ

æ ɐ

a ɶ ɑ ɒ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Symbols

ʍ	Voiceless labial-velar fricative	ɕ	ʑ	Alveolo-palatal fricatives
w	Voiced labial-velar approximant	ɺ		Alveolar lateral flap
ɥ	Voiced labial-palatal approximant	ɧ		Simultaneous ʃ and x
ʜ	Voiceless epiglottal fricative	k͡p t͜s ◌͡◌ ◌͜◌ Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.
ʢ	Voiced epiglottal fricative
ʡ	Epiglottal plosive

Suprasegmentals

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən
ː	Long	eː
ˑ	Half-long	eˑ
◌̆	Extra short	ĕ
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break	ɹi.ækt
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Diacritics

Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊

◌̥	Voiceless	n̥	d̥	◌̤	Breathy voiced	b̤	a̤	◌̪	Dental	t̪	d̪
◌̬	Voiced	s̬	t̬	◌̰	Creaky voiced	b̰	a̰	◌̺	Apical	t̺	d̺
ʰ	Aspirated	tʰ	dʰ	◌̼	Linguolabial	t̼	d̼	◌̻	Laminal	t̻	d̻
◌̹	More rounded	ɔ̹		ʷ	Labalized	tʷ	dʷ	◌̃	Nasalized		ẽ
◌̜	Less rounded	ɔ̜		ʲ	Palatalized	tʲ	dʲ	ⁿ	Nasal release		dⁿ
◌̟	Advanced	u̟		ˠ	Velarized	tˠ	dˠ	ˡ	Lateral release		dˡ
◌̠	Retracted	e̠		ˤ	Pharyngealized	tˤ	dˤ	◌̚	No audible release		d̚
◌̈	Centralized	ë		◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized		ɫ
◌̽	Mid-centralized	e̽		◌̝	Raised	e̝	(ɹ̝ = voiced alveolar fricative)
◌̩	Syllabic	n̩		◌̞	Lowered	e̞	(β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant)
◌̯	Non-syllabic	e̯		◌̘	Advanced Tongue Root		e̘
˞	Rhoticity	ɚ	a˞	◌̙	Retracted Tongue Root		e̙

Tones and Word Accents

Level				Contour
e̋	or	˥	Extra high	ě	or	˩˥	Rising
é		˦	High	ê		˥˩	Falling
ē		˧	Mid	e᷄		˦˥	High rising
è		˨	Low	e᷅		˩˨	Low rising
ȅ		˩	Extra low	e᷈		˧˦˧	Rising-falling
↓	Downstep			↗	Global rise
↑	Upstep			↘	Global fall